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American Cream Draft
The American Cream Draft is a rare draft horse breed, the only such breed developed in the United States that is still in existence. It is recognized by its cream color, known as "gold champagne", produced by the action of the champagne gene upon a chestnut base color, and by its amber eyes, also characteristic of the gene; the only other color found in the breed is chestnut. Like several other breeds of draft horses, the American Cream is at risk for the autosomal recessive genetic disease junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
The breed was developed in Iowa during the early 20th century, beginning with a cream-colored mare named Old Granny. The Great Depression threatened the breed's existence, but several breeders worked to improve the color and type of the breed, and in 1944 a breed registry was formed. The mechanization of farming in the mid-20th century led to a decrease in the breed's population and the registry became inactive for several decades. It was reactivated in 1982 and population numbers have slowly grown since then. However, population numbers are still considered critical by The Livestock Conservancy and the Equus Survival Trust.
==Characteristics==
American Creams have refined heads, with flat facial profiles that are neither concave nor convex.〔 They have wide chests, sloping shoulders and short, strong backs. Their ribs are well sprung, and they are short-coupled with well-muscled hindquarters and with strong well-proportioned legs set well apart. They are sure-footed with strong hooves, and their movement is free and easy. According to enthusiasts, the breed has a calm, willing temperament, particularly suited for owners who are new to handling draft horses.〔 Mares stand high and weigh , while stallions and geldings stand and weigh or more.〔
The ideal coat color for the breed is a medium cream with pink skin, amber eyes and a white mane and tail.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=American Cream Draft Horse )〕 The characteristic cream color of the breed is produced by the champagne gene.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is a cream draft? )〕 Recognized colors include light, medium and dark cream, with amber or hazel eyes.〔 A cream mare with dark skin and a light mane and tail may be accepted by the registry as foundation stock, while stallions must have pink skin and white manes and tails to be registered.〔 Purebred American Cream foals that are too dark to be accepted into the main breed registry may be recorded into an appendix registry. The appendix will also accept half-bred Cream Draft horses crossed with other draft bloodlines if they meet certain requirements, and the registry provides an upgrade system that uses appendix horses to strengthen genes, increase breed numbers,〔 and allow more diversified bloodlines.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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